2023-2024 Schoolcraft Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]
Biology
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Schoolcraft offers courses in biology, conservation, health education, human anatomy and physiology, natural resources, microbiology, and nutrition. Students learn in state-of-the-art facilities at the Biomedical Technology Center on campus, including the Anatomy and Physiology Lab, the Cellular and Molecular Biology Lab, and the Imaging and Analysis Lab, which houses Schoolcraft’s Scanning Electron Microscope.
Students can also get valuable lab experience with DNA biotechnology equipment, protocols, field research, and the use of plastinated cadavers and organs.
Students interested in studying Biology should talk to their Academic Advisor about transfer guides and articulation agreements with Schoolcraft College. Students interested in studying Biology at a 4-year university may be interested in completing the Associate of Science degree at Schoolcraft College.
Degrees
Transfer Degrees
Biology
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BIOL 050 - Basic Biology
Credits: 4
Lecture Contact Hours: 4
Description: This course is offered to students who seek to acquire the necessary background and skills to successfully complete a college-level biology course such as General Biology (BIOL 101 ). Emphasis is placed on basic terminology and concepts that contribute to an understanding of the scientific process and biological principles such as the scientific method, basic chemistry, cell biology, metabolism, genetics, evolution, biological classification and ecology.
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: None.
Course Category: Applied Liberal Arts | Learning Support Services
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Outline the correct order of the steps of the scientific method.
- Arrange the levels of biological organization from least complex to most complex.
- Differentiate between a scientifically valid question, hypothesis and prediction.
- Explain how DNA accounts for both the diversity and unity of life on Earth.
- Relate the structure and function of living organisms to their chemical basis.
- Relate how the process of natural selection leads to evolutionary adaptation in populations of organisms.
- Identify the structural and functional differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Relate the role of enzymes in biochemical pathways and cellular metabolism.
- Relate photosynthesis and cellular respiration to energy flow.
- Explain the chromosomal basis for inheritance.
- Compare how abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic (living) factors influence life in the biosphere.
- Relate the processes of energy flow and chemical cycling to ecosystem ecology.
- Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis.
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BIOL 100 - Introduction to Biology
Credits: 4
Lecture Contact Hours: 4
Lab Contact Hours: 3
Description: This course introduces the non-science major to the concepts of modern biology and to the principles of scientific inquiry. Major concepts such as the scientific method, biological chemistry, organization of cells, energy transformation in living systems, DNA and inheritance, evolution, the diversity of life and ecology are examined. Emphasis is placed on processes common to all organisms, with special reference to humans. Related topics such as human evolution and human impacts on the environment will also be explored. This course provides the framework for making informed decisions regarding pertinent biological issues in society. Students participate in four hours of instruction and three hours of laboratory each week. Students going into allied health fields or majoring in science are required to take BIOL 101 or BIOL 120 .
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: None.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science with Lab
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Fall
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Explain how the scientific method is used to acquire new knowledge.
- Analyze the claims of others in a scientific context.
- Relate the structure and function of living things to their chemical basis.
- Identify the structural organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Outline the acquisition and transformation of energy in photosynthesis.
- Relate dietary energy to cellular respiration.
- Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis.
- Relate DNA to inheritance and gene expression.
- Examine how scientists use biotechnology for practical purposes.
- Explore principles of genetics and basic patterns of human inheritance.
- Relate mutation and the process of natural selection to the evolutionary adaptation of organisms.
- Explore the diversity of life on earth.
- Examine human evolution and the origins of life.
- Compare populations, communities and ecosystems.
- Characterize the movement of energy through organisms and the environment.
- Examine chemical cycling between organisms and the environment.
- Identify human impacts on the environment.
- Apply the steps of the scientific method to scientific laboratory investigations.
- Determine the length, volume, temperature and mass of objects using standard metric units of measure.
- Use basic lab equipment to analyze scientific data.
- Explore basic principles of human physiology.
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BIOL 101 - General Biology
Credits: 4
Lecture Contact Hours: 4
Lab Contact Hours: 3
Description: This course is a one-semester introductory course. This course introduces students to the scientific study of living organisms. Students will investigate biological concepts including the chemical basis of life, cell structure and function, metabolism, reproduction, genetics, evolution, biological diversity and classification, plant structure and function, animal structure and function and ecology. Students attend four hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory each week. Science majors seeking to fulfill a two-semester introductory biology sequence should enroll in BIOL 120 and BIOL 130 .
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: BIOL 050 or successful completion (2.0+) of introductory high school biology.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science with Lab
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Identify in the correct order the steps of the scientific method.
- Arrange the levels of biological organization from least complex to most complex.
- Differentiate between a scientifically valid question, hypothesis and prediction.
- Differentiate between inductive and deductive reasoning with respect to their use in scientific investigation.
- Explain how DNA accounts for both the diversity and unity of life on Earth.
- Relate the process of natural selection to evolutionary adaptation in populations of organisms.
- Relate the structure and function of living organisms to their chemical basis.
- Identify the structural and functional differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Predict the effect of solutions with different tonicities on plant and animal cells.
- Relate the role of enzymes in biochemical pathways and cellular metabolism.
- Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration contribute to the cycling of carbon atoms on Earth.
- Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis.
- Relate the process of mitosis to asexual reproduction, growth, tissue repair and cancer.
- Describe how meiosis and sexual reproduction contribute to genetic variation in species.
- Explain the chromosomal basis for inheritance.
- Relate the role of DNA and RNA to gene expression.
- Interpret how the genetic code on DNA directs protein synthesis.
- Identify the practical applications of DNA technology.
- Summarize how evolutionary adaptations have led to the anatomical and physiological differences between the major taxonomic groups of organisms.
- Relate the role of plant tissues and organs to plant development, growth, nutrition and reproduction.
- Relate the structure of animal tissues, organs and organ systems to their functions.
- Compare how abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic (living) factors influence life in the biosphere.
- Relate the processes of energy flow and chemical cycling to ecosystem ecology.
- Determine the length, volume, temperature and mass of objects using standard metric units of measurement.
- Demonstrate the proper use of the light microscope.
- Prepare biological specimens for microscopic examination.
- Construct an appropriate graph to display scientific data.
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BIOL 103 - Health Education
Credits: 3
Lecture Contact Hours: 3
Description: This course explores health and wellness including the effects of stress, physical fitness, nutrition, body weight, substance abuse, infectious diseases and environmental factors. Other topics will include sexuality, cardiovascular health, cancer, chronic health conditions and how to make informed decisions related to health.
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: None.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Summarize the multiple dimensions of health.
- Explain the sources of stress and approaches to stress management.
- Explain the components of physical fitness and the importance of exercise over the lifespan.
- Determine the sources of nutrients and the necessity of a healthy diet.
- Explore the relationship between healthy body weight and wellness.
- Analyze the causes of substance abuse and addiction.
- Explore the cardiovascular system and interventions for disease.
- Characterize cancer and other chronic conditions.
- Evaluate causes and transmission of infectious diseases.
- Examine factors that influence sexuality, sexual behavior, and fertility.
- Evaluate health information and health care providers.
- Analyze the impact of environmental factors on health.
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BIOL 104 - Conservation and Natural Resources
Credits: 3
Lecture Contact Hours: 3
Description: This course introduces the basic principles of conservation biology as they relate to our critical need as global citizens to preserve and protect biodiversity and natural resources. In addition to studying the causes of extinction; habitat loss and restoration; management of populations, communities and ecosystems; students also explore philosophical issues in conservation values and ethics. This interdisciplinary course integrates contributions from the fields of law, political science, economics, history and sociology into the fundamental biological principles of conservation. Practical applications, personal stewardship and globally sustainable solutions are emphasized.
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: None.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Fall
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Explain the basic principles of ecology.
- Discuss the importance of species, genetic, and ecosystem diversity as measures of biological diversity.
- Explain the relationship between economic progress and environmental protection.
- Prioritize environmental problems in terms of their severity and urgency.
- Compare the impact of various threats to global biodiversity.
- Explore the efforts of global organizations that focus on conservational biology.
- Contrast the population dynamics of less developed and more developed countries.
- Analyze the effect of individual ecological footprints on the earth’s ability to sustain life.
- Investigate the “Circle of Poison” as it relates to the global use of chemical pesticides.
- Evaluate opposing viewpoints regarding environmental controversies.
- Summarize the history and current status of invasive species in the Great Lakes.
- Examine the economic and ecological impact of non-aquatic invasive species on ecosystems.
- Identify specific case studies of international, national, and local efforts to promote conservation practices.
- Demonstrate an awareness of the importance of environmental conservation and sustainability at the individual level.
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BIOL 105 - Basic Human Anatomy and Physiology
Credits: 4
Lecture Contact Hours: 4
Description: This course introduces fundamental terminology and concepts that will enable students to acquire a basic understanding of the structure and function of the human body. The anatomy and physiology of the major human organ systems and their association with health and disease is explored. BIOL 105 is intended for students in allied health programs that do not require a laboratory course in human anatomy and physiology.
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: BIOL 050 or successful completion (2.0+) of introductory high school biology.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Compare the different levels of organization of the human body.
- Apply anatomical and directional terminology to the human body.
- Explain cellular structure, function and metabolism.
- Analyze the functions of major tissue types.
- Explain the role of the major organ systems in maintaining homeostasis.
- Differentiate between the bones of the human skeleton.
- Characterize the structure and function of the human muscular system.
- Outline how the nervous system regulates the processes of the human body.
- Relate the actions and control of the hormones of the endocrine system.
- Explain the role of the digestive system in the ingestion, absorption and excretion of nutrients.
- Characterize the structures and functions of the cardiovascular system.
- Analyze the processes involved in respiration.
- Examine the role of the lymphatic system in immunity.
- Analyze the processes of filtration, reabsorption and secretion in urine formation.
- Contrast the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems.
- Compare the regulation of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance in the human body.
- Explain the association of the major organ systems with health and disease.
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BIOL 107 - Introduction to Microbiology
Credits: 3
Lecture Contact Hours: 3
Description: This course is a non-laboratory study of the fundamentals of microbiology. Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses and multicellular parasites are studied with special emphasis on those that cause human disease. Aspects of microbial classification, physiology, metabolism, genetics, growth, control mechanisms and antimicrobial chemotherapy are examined. The modes of infectious disease transmission and immune defenses of the human body against microbial pathogens are described. The application of scientific principles to healthcare settings and public health efforts to control infection, including vaccination and appropriate use of antimicrobics, will be explored.
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: BIOL 050 or successful completion (2.0+) of introductory high school biology.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Fall, Winter
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Summarize the major events associated with the history of microbiology.
- Identify the key characteristics of the major groups of organisms studied in microbiology (bacteria, algae, protozoa, fungi, viruses and multicellular parasites).
- Summarize the various ways microbes impact our daily lives.
- Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
- Compare the metabolic pathways in various microbes.
- Describe how genetic information is inherited, exchanged and acquired by microbes.
- Outline the steps, mechanisms and applications associated with genetic engineering.
- Compare the nutrient and physical requirements for the growth of microbes.
- Describe the various physical and chemical methods used to control microbial growth.
- Summarize the principles for appropriate use of antimicrobial agents.
- Characterize the various modes of disease transmission and factors that contribute to pathogenicity.
- Identify healthcare associated infections and their prevention.
- Describe principles and techniques (including vaccination) that can be used to protect patients and healthcare professionals from the spread of infectious disease.
- Contrast innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) immune defenses.
- Analyze the factors and mechanisms involved in immune disorders and hypersensitivity.
- Explain the importance of epidemiology to public health.
- Outline the use of microorganisms in bioremediation, biotechnology and food production.
- Classify microbial diseases of the major organ systems of the human body.
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BIOL 114 - Basic Human Nutrition
Credits: 1
Lecture Contact Hours: 1
Description: This course provides a basic study of human nutrition with emphasis on scientific principles, metabolism and the requirements for nutrients. The role of nutrition in optimizing health throughout the human life cycle will be explored. Disease processes that require special nutritional support are studied.
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: None.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Evaluate the recommended requirements for each of the six classes of nutrients.
- Categorize nutrients into the appropriate class.
- Explain the digestion, absorption and metabolism of nutrients in the human body.
- Examine the role of nutrition in optimizing health and preventing disease throughout the human life cycle.
- Identify disease processes that require special nutritional support.
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BIOL 115 - Nutrition
Credits: 3
Lecture Contact Hours: 3
Description: This course provides a study of the nature and role of nutrition with emphasis on the changing needs in the human life cycle. The relationship between nutrition and health will be explored. Topics such as vegetarianism, food fads and fallacies, obesity, weight control and food additives are studied.
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: None.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Contrast the basic food groups.
- Evaluate the recommended requirements for each of the six (6) classes of nutrients.
- Summarize the main steps in the body’s metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
- Explain how a surplus of the three energy yielding nutrients contributes to body fat stores.
- Examine dietary strategies for achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight.
- Compare the nutritional needs throughout the different stages of life.
- Analyze dietary intake for calories and nutrients.
- Interpret the information found on food labels.
- Relate nutrition to food additives, vegetarianism, exercise, health foods, genetically modified foods, food fads, and fallacies.
- Contrast how over nutrition and under nutrition can lead to disease.
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BIOL 120 - Principles of Biology 1
Credits: 5
Lecture Contact Hours: 4
Lab Contact Hours: 3
Description: This is the first course of a two-semester introductory biology sequence for students interested in transferring to a four-year institution to pursue a degree in biology or other science-related discipline. Together, BIOL 120 and BIOL 130 provide science majors with a comprehensive introduction to biology. In this course, students will attend four hours of lecture and three hours of lab each week to study the process of scientific inquiry, biochemistry, cell structure, membrane transport, metabolism, cell reproduction, molecular genetics, biotechnology, principles of inheritance and evolution.
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 or successful completion (2.0 +) of introductory high school biology and chemistry
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: CHEM 111
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science with Lab
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Fall
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Apply the steps of the scientific method to scientific laboratory investigations.
- Distinguish between scientific hypothesis, theory and law.
- Evaluate empirical data through the use of statistical analyses.
- Produce accurate scientific laboratory reports.
- Arrange the levels of biological organization from least to most complex.
- Explain the chemical basis for the structure and function of living things.
- Relate the properties of water to their importance in supporting life.
- Demonstrate the proper use of the compound light microscope.
- Identify the structural and functional differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Demonstrate, through experimentation, the role of enzymes in biochemical pathways and cellular metabolism.
- Explain how metabolism is subject to the universal laws of energy.
- Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration contribute to the carbon cycle on Earth.
- Differentiate between anaerobic and aerobic metabolism.
- Integrate the steps of a signal transduction pathway with the control of cellular metabolism.
- Relate the process of mitosis to asexual reproduction, growth, tissue repair and cancer.
- Explain how meiosis and sexual reproduction contribute to genetic variation in species.
- Demonstrate, through experimentation, how the principles of Mendelian inheritance can be used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses.
- Explain how the genetic code on DNA directs protein synthesis.
- Differentiate between the process of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Relate the virus life cycle to AIDS and other viral diseases.
- Operate biotechnology apparatus to extract, isolate and analyze DNA samples.
- Explain the practical applications of DNA technology.
- Explain how the process of natural selection leads to evolutionary adaptation in populations of organisms.
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BIOL 130 - Principles of Biology 2
Credits: 5
Lecture Contact Hours: 4
Lab Contact Hours: 3
Description: This is the second course of a two-semester introductory biology sequence for students interested in transferring to a four-year institution to pursue a degree in biology or other science-related discipline. Together, BIOL 120 and BIOL 130 provide science majors with a comprehensive introduction to biology. In this course, students will attend four hours of lecture and three hours of lab each week to study the evolution and diversity of living organisms, plant and animal anatomy and physiology, animal behavior and ecology.
Prerequisites: BIOL 120 with a minimum grade of 2.0
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: None.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science with Lab
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Explain how natural selection, genetic drift and gene flow can alter allele frequencies in a population.
- Explain how geographic and reproductive isolation leads to speciation and maintains species diversity.
- Explain how structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success.
- Identify the factors that promote genetic diversity in prokaryotes.
- Contrast the differences between Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea.
- Evaluate, through experimentation, the effectiveness of antibiotics and disinfectants on the growth of gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
- Differentiate the major groups of protists through the examination of living and preserved specimens.
- Identify the key evolutionary adaptations that led to the emergence of seed plants.
- Identify the major clades of land plants.
- Identify, through dissection and microscopic examination, the anatomical structures involved in plant growth, development and nutrient transport.
- Characterize the unique features of the fungal life cycle.
- Summarize the key roles fungi play in nutrient cycling, ecological interactions and human welfare.
- Distinguish the key characteristics shared by members of the animal kingdom.
- Construct a phylogenetic tree that accurately reflects the evolutionary history of major animal phyla.
- Identify, through the examination of living and preserved specimens, characteristics and species belonging to the major invertebrate phyla.
- Relate the events of the Cambrian explosion to the vast diversity of animal species.
- Identify, through the examination of living and preserved specimens, characteristics and species belonging to the major vertebrate phyla.
- Outline the major evolutionary events within the hominids that led to the emergence of modern humans.
- Identify, through dissection, the structure and function of organ systems in invertebrates and vertebrates.
- Explain how both genetic makeup and environment contribute to the development of animal behavior.
- Explain how the interactions between organisms and the environment determine species diversity and composition.
- Identify the dynamic biological processes that influence population density, dispersion and demographics.
- Assess the ecological health and stability of aquatic ecosystems through the collection and analysis of physical and biological data.
- Outline the principles of energy transfer and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.
- Explain how human activities can disrupt chemical cycles on Earth and lead to global ecological problems.
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BIOL 140 - Scanning Electron Microscopy
Credits: 4
Lecture Contact Hours: 1
Lab Contact Hours: 3
Description: This course emphasizes the principles and modes of operation of the scanning electron microscope and X-ray analysis systems, electron-specimen interactions, elemental analysis, effects of microscope variables on images, image processing, routine maintenance, the use of microscope accessories and digital outputs. In the laboratory, students will prepare and examine inorganic and organic specimens using the secondary, backscatter and variable pressure detectors of the SEM. Students complete a project consisting of the preparation, imaging and analysis of a biological specimen.
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: None.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science with Lab
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Fall, Winter
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Prepare organic and inorganic specimens for scanning electron microscopy imaging and analysis.
- Operate the scanning electron microscope and related controls to mount, image and analyze organic and inorganic samples.
- Interpret electron micrographs.
- Explain the principles and operation of electron optics.
- Explain electron beam and specimen interactions.
- Explain the principles of energy and wave-dispersive X-ray analysis.
- Demonstrate routine and preventive maintenance associated with daily operation of the scanning electron microscope.
- Determine optimum imaging parameters and settings based on the sample’s composition and properties.
- Analyze a sample’s elemental composition using energy and wave-dispersive x-ray techniques.
- Summarize image and analysis data to produce a sample findings report.
- Organize data and images acquired during laboratory sessions in an electronic portfolio or data store.
- Develop an analysis protocol to determine a sample’s physical and compositional properties.
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BIOL 236 - Human Anatomy and Physiology
Credits: 5
Lecture Contact Hours: 4
Lab Contact Hours: 3
Description: This one-semester course covers the gross and microscopic anatomy and physiology of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, special senses, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems of the human body. Weekly instruction includes four hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory. The laboratory portion includes the use of prepared histological slides, anatomical models, bones, dissection of preserved specimens, blood typing, spirometry, urinalysis and blood pressure measurement. Students will also have an opportunity to examine a dissected cadaver.
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: BIOL 101 is strongly recommended. Institutional research has shown that students who successfully complete BIOL 101 prior to taking BIOL 236 perform significantly better in the course.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science with Lab
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
Check Course Availability
Students who already have this knowledge may qualify for prior learning credit. https://www.schoolcraft.edu/student-records/prior-learning-credits
Course Competencies
- Apply anatomical and directional terminology to the human body.
- Compare the chemical, cellular, tissue, organ and organ-system levels of organization of the human body.
- Explain the negative-feedback control mechanisms for homeostasis.
- Characterize the major tissue types, their location and functions.
- Summarize the structure and function of the integumentary system.
- Compare the anatomical structure, shape and markings of the bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons.
- Classify the different types of joints and their movements.
- Explain the structure and function of the muscular system.
- Summarize the organization of the brain, spinal cord and nerve fibers in the nervous system.
- Outline the steps and mechanisms associated with the generation of action potential and transmission of nerve impulses.
- Evaluate the structure and function of the special senses.
- Evaluate the structure and function of the special senses.
- Explain the structure and function of the endocrine glands in the human body.
- Compare the mechanisms of hormonal action associated with surface and intracellular receptors.
- Characterize the structure and function of the cellular and non-cellular components of the blood.
- Differentiate between the various types of blood cells.
- Compare the ABO and Rh blood types and their compatibilities.
- Explain the structure and function of the heart and the events of the cardiac cycle.
- Relate the conduction system of the heart to an electrocardiogram.
- Differentiate between the different types of blood vessels and their functions.
- Examine the factors and mechanisms involved in the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow.
- Outline the blood flow in the blood vessels of the pulmonary and systemic circulations.
- Explain the mechanisms associated with the process of blood/lung and blood/tissue capillary exchange.
- Summarize the structure and function of the lymphatic system.
- Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity.
- Explain the structure and function of the respiratory system.
- Determine respiratory volumes and capacities.
- Analyze the exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood.
- Explain the structure and function of the digestive system.
- Explain the structure and function of the urinary system.
- Compare the process of renal filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the formation of urine.
- Analyze the mechanisms of regulation of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance.
- Summarize the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems.
- Explain the hormonal control of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
- Differentiate the stages of human development.
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BIOL 237 - Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology 1
Credits: 4
Lecture Contact Hours: 3
Lab Contact Hours: 2
Description: This is the first course in a two-semester sequence in the comprehensive study of the structure and function of the human body. Emphasis will be placed upon the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous and endocrine systems. Labs reinforce units of study and include the use of prepared histological slides, anatomical models, bones, dissection of preserved specimens and computer simulations. In addition, students will have the opportunity to examine a dissected cadaver to enhance anatomical studies. BIOL 237 and BIOL 238 are designed for the student who plans to pursue a career in the health or biomedical field. Students attend three hours of lecture and two hours of lab each week.
Prerequisites: None.
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: BIOL 101 is strongly recommended. Institutional research has shown that students who successfully complete BIOL 101 prior to taking BIOL 236 perform significantly better in the course.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science with Lab
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Compare the different levels of organization of the human body.
- Explain control mechanisms for homeostasis.
- Apply anatomical and directional terminology.
- Explain the structure and function of the cell and its components.
- Characterize major tissue types and their functions.
- Summarize the structure and function of the integumentary system.
- Outline the organization of bone tissue.
- Compare the bones and bone markings of the axial and appendicular skeletons.
- Differentiate among the types of joints and their associated movements.
- Contrast the organization of the three types of muscle tissue.
- Explain how muscles produce movement.
- Identify the origins, insertions and actions of skeletal muscles.
- Summarize the organization of the nervous system.
- Outline the process of nerve impulse conduction.
- Explain the structure and function of the brain and spinal cord.
- Explain the function of the autonomic nervous system.
- Evaluate the structure and function of the special senses.
- Explain the structure and function of the components of the endocrine system.
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BIOL 238 - Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology 2
Credits: 4
Lecture Contact Hours: 3
Lab Contact Hours: 2
Description: This is the second course in a two-semester sequence (continuation of BIOL 237 ) in the comprehensive study of the structure and function of the human body. Emphasis will be placed upon the anatomy and physiology of the circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Labs reinforce units of study and include the use of prepared histological slides, anatomical models, dissection of preserved specimens, blood pressure measurement, spirometry, urinalysis and computer simulations. In addition, students will have the opportunity to examine a dissected cadaver to enhance anatomical studies. Students attend three hours of lecture and two hours of lab each week.
Prerequisites: BIOL 237
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: None.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science with Lab
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
Check Course Availability
Course Competencies
- Characterize the structure and function of the cellular and noncellular components of blood.
- Differentiate between the various types of blood cells.
- Compare ABO and Rh blood types and their compatibilities.
- Explain the structure and function of the heart.
- Relate the conduction system of the heart to an electrocardiogram.
- Characterize the events of the cardiac cycle.
- Differentiate between the various types of blood vessels and their functions.
- Examine the factors that control blood pressure and blood flow.
- Outline the major circulatory routes.
- Explain the mechanisms of capillary exchange.
- Summarize the structure and function of the lymphatic system.
- Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity.
- Distinguish between cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity.
- Explain the structure and function of the respiratory system.
- Determine respiratory volumes and capacities.
- Analyze the exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Explain the structure and function of the digestive system.
- Examine the role of enzymes in chemical reactions.
- Summarize metabolic reactions involved in nutrient processing.
- Explain the structure and function of the urinary system.
- Compare the processes of renal filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the formation of urine.
- Analyze the mechanisms of the regulation of water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
- Summarize the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems.
- Explain the hormonal control of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
- Differentiate the stages of human development.
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BIOL 240 - Anatomy and Physiology Review
Credits: 2
Lecture Contact Hours: 2
Description: This course is a review of the anatomy and physiology of the human body with special emphasis on the physiology of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. This course is designed for students entering biomedical programs that require a review of the basic anatomy and physiology of the human body.
Prerequisites: BIOL 237 and BIOL 238 or BIOL 236 or BIOL 105
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: None.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This Course is Typically Offered: Fall Only
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Course Competencies
- Apply anatomical and directional terminology.
- Examine the structure, function and metabolism of cells.
- Characterize major tissue types and their functions.
- Summarize the structure, function and organization of the skeletal and muscular systems.
- Summarize the structure, function, organization and control of the nervous and endocrine systems.
- Evaluate the structure, function and organization of the special senses.
- Summarize the structure, function and organization of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
- Examine the lymphatic system and its role in immunity.
- Explain the role of the digestive system in nutrient processing.
- Explain the structure, function and organization of the urinary system.
- Analyze the mechanisms of regulation of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance.
- Summarize the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems.
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BIOL 243 - Microbiology
Credits: 4
Lecture Contact Hours: 3
Lab Contact Hours: 4
Description: This course covers the world of microbes including microbial structures and function, biochemistry, metabolism, genetics, control of microbial growth, infectious diseases, immunity, classification and epidemiology. Laboratory techniques commonly utilized in microbiology are introduced, including microscope use, bacterial smears, staining methods, aseptic techniques, isolation of pure cultures, identification of unknown microorganisms and antibiotic testing.
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 or BIOL 120
Corequisites: None.
Recommended: None.
Course Category: Liberal Arts | Science with Lab
This course counts toward Schoolcraft’s General Education Requirements.
This course counts toward a Michigan Transfer Agreement General Education Requirement.
This Course is Typically Offered: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
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Course Competencies
- Summarize the major events associated with the history of microbiology.
- Demonstrate the proper use of a light microscope.
- Prepare slides for microbiological examination.
- Apply aseptic techniques for the transfer and handling of microorganisms and instruments.
- Demonstrate proper use of microbiological media and test systems including isolating colonies, maintaining pure cultures and using biochemical test media.
- Operate standard microbiology laboratory equipment correctly.
- Apply safety, protective and emergency procedures in a microbiological laboratory.
- Identify the key characteristics of the major groups of organisms studied in microbiology (bacteria, algae, protists, fungi and viruses).
- Explain normal flora.
- Explain several ways in which microbes affect our lives.
- Identify the significance of Koch’s Postulates.
- Contrast cell walls of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
- Differentiate bacteria and viruses.
- Compare the various metabolic pathways in microbes.
- Explain the purpose of Bergey’s Manual.
- Explain the process of DNA replication.
- Explain protein synthesis including transcription, RNA processing and translation.
- Explain how genetic mutation and recombination provide material for natural selection.
- Outline the steps, mechanisms, and applications associated with genetic engineering.
- Compare the bacterial chromosome and plasmid DNA.
- Explain the function of the DNA operons with specific examples.
- Summarize important diseases caused by microorganisms (etiological agents) and their mode of transmission.
- Classify viruses based on their nucleic acid type and structure.
- Explain nosocomial infections and their importance.
- Evaluate the various physical and chemical methods used to control microbial growth.
- Characterize the various host-microbes interactions.
- Contrast innate and adaptive defenses.
- Compare the origin and differentiation of the B-cells and T-cells in the human body.
- Examine the factors and mechanisms involved in immune disorders and hypersensitivity.
- Outline the use of microorganisms in environmental and industrial applications.
- Identify basic epidemiological techniques and their applications.
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